Research

Peptides are short amino-acid chains that act as precise messengers in skin, influencing repair, remodeling, and cell–cell signaling. In dermal biology, GHK-Cu is one of the most studied: it stimulates collagen and matrix synthesis in fibroblasts at very low (nanomolar–picomolar) concentrations and has been associated with tissue regeneration and favorable gene-expression shifts in skin models [1,2].

Melanocortin-derived peptides (e.g., Melanotan analogues and the tripeptide KPV) signal via melanocortin receptors on immune and skin cells to regulate pigmentation and inflammatory tone. Work in macrophages and inflamed tissues shows melanocortin receptor activation can dampen pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote resolution pathways; KPV specifically has demonstrated antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory activity relevant to epithelial defense [3,4].

Peptides investigated for tissue repair include BPC-157 and TB-500 (a thymosin β4 fragment). Preclinical studies report that BPC-157 supports angiogenesis, epithelial closure, and tensile-strength recovery across cutaneous and soft-tissue injury models, including colon/skin wounds and complex hemostatic settings [5,6]. Thymosin β4/TB-500 promotes endothelial migration and capillary formation, key steps in wound repair and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Together, these findings position peptide signaling as a promising avenue for skin regeneration and inflammation control.

References

1. Maquart FX, et al. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide–copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine–Cu²⁺. FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343–346. PMID: 3169264

2. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. PMID: 29986520 | PMCID: PMC6073405

3. Patel HB, Montero-Melendez T, Greco KV, Perretti M. Melanocortin receptors as novel effectors of macrophage responses in inflammation. Front Immunol. 2011;2:41. PMID: 22566831 | PMCID: PMC3342072

4. Cutuli M, et al. Antimicrobial effects of α-MSH and related peptides (including KPV) in vitro and in vivo.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(6):1738–1742. PMID: 10602732

5. Seiwerth S, et al. The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC-157 on healing of different tissues. J Physiol (Paris).1997;91(5):173–178. PMID: 9403790

6. Stupnisek M, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC-157 reduces bleeding and thrombocytopenia after amputation in rats treated with heparin, warfarin, L-NAME and L-arginine. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123454. PMID: 25897838 | Full text: PLOS